Somaliland declares independence in 1991, establishes stable democracy

Somaliland, located in the Horn of Africa, declared its independence in 1991. The region has historical roots tracing back to ancient Punt and various Islamic sultanates. Somaliland became a British protectorate in 1887 and gained independence in 1960. Following its independence, Somaliland united with Italian Somaliland to form the state of Somalia.

During the 1970s and 1980s, the regime of Siad Barre repressed northern Isaaq clans, which contributed to the outbreak of civil war in the region. After declaring independence in 1991, Somaliland established a stable democracy. However, it remains unrecognized internationally.

For more on similar situations, see recent developments in nationalist movements.